Abstract: In mining engineering, the stress distribution of original rock and the physical and mechanical properties of rock mass are the key parameters to evaluate the stability of surrounding rock, predict the law of roof activity and analyze the deformation trend of roadway. Zhaoguan coal mine is a typical mining area. The complexity of its geological conditions requires a detailed geomechanical evaluation. Through this evaluation, the geomechanical properties of different areas in the mine can be accurately obtained, including the key mechanical parameters such as rock strength, deformation modulus, Poisson's ratio and so on. The accuracy of these parameters is of great significance for optimizing the layout of mining areas and roadways, improving mining efficiency, reducing production costs, and scientifically preventing roof collapse and water disasters. In this paper, the original rock stress, rock physical and mechanical parameters and loose circle were tested by physical experiments such as stress resolution method, uniaxial compression, triaxial compression, Brazilian splitting and borehole peeping method, and the corresponding results were obtained to ensure the safe production and sustainable development of the mine.