Abstract: In order to investigate the stability characteristics of the bearing structure after adopting full-length anchorage support in deep high-stress soft-rock roadway, we constructed a mechanical model of full-length anchorage anchors-enclosed-rock coupling, and based on the principle of energy conservation of the anchorage system, we established an equation for the axial stress distribution of the anchors, and combined with the engineering examples, we analyzed the influence mechanism of the spatial confinement effect, the expansion parameter, the size of the anchors, and the supporting force of the trays, etc., on the redistribution of the stress and the load-bearing characteristics of the surrounding rock. The key factors such as spatial constraint effect, expansion parameter, anchor size and tray support force on the stress redistribution in surrounding rock and the bearing characteristics of anchor rods are analyzed. The results show that: subject to the spatial constraint effect of the tunnel, the damage evolution of the surrounding rock shows time-sequence gradual characteristics, and the proposed theoretical model of “anchorage control domain” confirms the dynamic equilibrium relationship between the virtual support force of the anchorage system and the anchorage resistance; the axial load of the anchor rods has a positive correlation with the expansion parameter of the surrounding rock, and the increase of the anchorage depth expands the range of the action of the adhesive interface, which results in the enhancement of the gradient distribution characteristics of the axial force of the rods and the outward shift of the peak area, but the axial force of the rods is not affected by the axial force of the anchors. However, the pallet support force has a limited role in regulating the boundary of plastic zone, which is mainly reflected in optimizing the stress state of the anchor rods, improving the anchoring efficiency and surface protection ability.