Abstract: Under the dual constraints of the "dual carbon" goals (carbon peaking and carbon neutrality) and the ecological protection red line, the coal mining industry is undergoing a profound transformation from "black growth" to "green transition". The construction of green mines not only requires enterprises to meet rigid indicators such as pollutant discharge limits and resource recovery rates, but also demands a dynamic balance between continuous environmental protection investment and rigid cost control. However, most coal mining enterprises are still trapped in a dilemma: strengthening environmental protection measures (such as adding new pollutant treatment equipment and upgrading clean production processes) often directly increases production costs and squeezes profit margins; while pursuing lean cost reduction (such as cutting non-productive expenses and optimizing human resource allocation) may indirectly sacrifice ecological benefits, leading to fluctuations or even failure to meet environmental protection indicators. The core root of this contradiction lies in the separation of the green development concept and the lean management philosophy. In traditional cognition, environmental protection is regarded as an "external compliance burden" rather than an "internal value source", and efficiency is treated as the "only core goal" of production and operation rather than an "indicator coordinated with ecology". Eventually, a rigid mindset of "choosing between environmental protection and production" is formed. In fact, as a typical resource-intensive industry, the entire production process of coal mines (from exploration and mining to washing and waste disposal) contains a large amount of untapped "green waste": for instance, the unregulated emission of coalbed methane (gas) not only causes greenhouse gas pollution, but also wastes a valuable clean energy source; the random stacking of gangue not only occupies land resources and causes soil and water pollution, but also misses the opportunity of resource recycling (such as using gangue for backfilling or building material production). These phenomena are not only environmental problems, but also efficiency problems. Guided by the construction of green mines, this paper explores the integration path of lean management tools and environmental protection goals, aiming to provide theoretical and practical references for coal mining enterprises to build a coordinated development model of "environmental protection and efficiency improvement" and "cost reduction and emission reduction".