Abstract: In order to explore the control mechanism of deformation in deep high stress mine tunnels, the mechanical response characteristics of the surrounding rock of high stress tunnels were revealed through a combination of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Research has shown that high stress in deep areas leads to nonlinear deformation, expansion of loosening zones, and energy accumulation in the surrounding rock of tunnels. The displacement of the roof at 5, 25 and 40 m ahead of the excavation face was calculated through numerical simulation to be 0.1, 0.16 and 0.15 mm, respectively. After 25 days in front of the excavation face, the stress balance and deformation of the surrounding rock tend to stabilize. Traditional rock deformation monitoring is difficult to meet the requirements of support. Modern monitoring technology has effectively improved the accuracy of monitoring data by optimizing monitoring dimensions, adopting joint monitoring techniques, and implementing dynamic monitoring. This provides theoretical basis and technical support for monitoring the deformation of surrounding rock in deep mine tunnels.