Abstract: Coal, as an important basic energy source in China, the accuracy and reliability of its production data are of great significance for the formulation of national energy strategies, industry supervision, and enterprise operation management. However, currently, there are still problems such as data distortion, untimely reporting, and inconsistent indicator calibers in the statistical data quality of coal - producing enterprises, which severely restricts the effective utilization of data. To solve the above - mentioned problems, this paper takes coal - producing enterprises as the research object and conducts research on the statistical data quality control and evaluation system. Firstly, it expounds on the concept, characteristics, and theoretical basis of statistical data quality, and analyzes the key factors affecting the statistical data quality of coal enterprises. Secondly, it constructs a statistical data quality control system for coal enterprises, which includes organizational structure, institutional norms, technical means, and personnel training, and puts forward specific quality control measures for key links such as data collection, processing, storage, analysis, and release. Thirdly, it establishes a statistical data quality evaluation index system for coal enterprises that covers dimensions such as accuracy, timeliness, integrity, consistency, and interpretability, and constructs a quality evaluation model using the Analytic Hierarchy Process and the Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method.