Abstract: In response to the large height and severe dynamic pressure influence of the 18110 belt road in Xiegou Coal Mine, the reasons for the deformation and instability of the belt road were analyzed through numerical simulation and on-site measurement methods. At the same time, the support design of the road was optimized and improved in combination with the actual on-site conditions. Based on the characteristics of the damage and deformation of the 18110 working face belt road, it was found that the main factors causing the instability of the surrounding rock of the belt road were the road dimensions, surrounding rock strength, support strength, and compressive load. Measures to increase the support strength of the road side and expand the support range were implemented. The numerical simulation results showed that after the support design was improved, the anchor bolts and anchor cables formed a circular support stress field for the belt road. The length of the surrounding rock with a support stress of 0.02 MPa in the coal seam roof was 5.5 m, while the length of the surrounding rock with a support stress of 0.02 MPa on the coal side was only 3.7 m, and the maximum support stress value reached 0.335 MPa. It has increased by 26.9% compared with the original maximum support stress. The on-site monitoring results showed that after the implementation of the optimized support design, the stress of the anchor bolts in the belt road was 110 kN, and the force on the anchor cables was 225 kN, which did not reach the support strength limit. The deformation of the surrounding rock was significantly reduced, and the convergence of the roof and floor and the two sides was 426 mm and 481 mm, respectively, achieving good control effects.