Abstract: The traditional underground rail transportation mode of coal mine has some problems,such as low safety factor,shortage of human resources,insufficient intelligence level and low positioning accuracy of unmanned driving system.To solve the above problems,this paper deeply integrates the transportation monitoring technology of wireless communication integration,intelligent AI video technology,variable frequency permanent magnet technology and intelligent sensor technology into one,and builds an optimization scheme of unmanned driving system of underground mine electric locomotive based on UWB technology.The optimized design of three subsystems and the main control part of the ground is emphasized.The advantages of the unmanned driving system of underground mine electric locomotive are summarized by comparing with the traditional transport mode.The results provide technical support and theoretical guidance for the realization of unattended and automatic operation control of transport vehicles in underground mines.