Abstract: In order to study the dust transport law of the wind flow field with different axial diameter ratios, we take the comprehensive excavation face of Dongtan Coal Mine as the research background, establish the geometrical model of the comprehensive excavation face, numerically simulate the dust pollution and diffusion law of the comprehensive excavation face of the coal mine, and realize the intelligent construction, so as to achieve the precise control of the wind flow-dust field of the comprehensive excavation face and the intelligent linkage with intelligent and high-efficiency dedusting technology. The research results show that dust accumulation is generated by the TBM at the head, resulting in a maximum dust concentration of 2140-2570 mg/m³ in this area, and the dust diffusion is driven by air flow generated by the pressure blower to the workers' working area. When the dust flow reaches the cross-sectional air chamber generator area, the high-speed air curtain prevents the dust from continuing to spread to the rear of the working face, greatly reducing the dust concentration. When R=3:7, the air curtain has the best dust blocking effect, and the high concentration of dust has been basically blocked in the front space of the driver of the tunnel header, and the working environment can be effectively improved.