Abstract: In order to ensure the smooth progress of goaf retaining work and safe use of goaf retaining roadway under thick and hard roof conditions in Jinsheng Yixin Coal industry, the stress and displacement changes of goaf retaining roadway along the advancing direction of working face and the section direction of goaf retaining roadway are analyzed based on the theoretical analysis of the roof structure stress of the key rock beam above the goaf retaining roadway. The results show that the process of cutting and retaining roadway with thick hard top plate can be divided into the leading zone of working face, the dynamic pressure zone of roadway formation and the stable zone of roadway formation. The dynamic pressure zone of roadway formation bears higher stress and significant displacement of surrounding rock due to the rotation, subsidence and breaking of key rock beam of roof, and the key rock beam of roadway stability zone tends to be stabilized by the supporting stress of compacting goaf and the deformation of surrounding rock. The supporting strength of the roof and the side roof near the goaf should be strengthened to ensure the stability of the roadway during use.