Abstract: In order to effectively solve the problem of frequent deformation and instability of surrounding rock under the condition of thick and hard roof, taking the mining project of Chengzhuang fully mechanized mining face as the research object, the engineering environment was restored by similar simulation experiments, and the working conditions of whether the roof cutting and pressure relief technology were constructed during the mining of the working face were simulated and analyzed, and the results showed that the roof cutting and pressure relief process can effectively destroy the integrity of the overlying thick hard roof structure, so that the cracks can be fully developed under the influence of mining and run through the entire pressure-bearing area, and with the advancement of the working face, the overlying roof can be broken and collapsed in time, and the accumulated load and stress can be released, so that the protective coal pillar and the adjacent working face are in a low-stress and stable mine pressure environment, inhibit the failure trend of large deformation of the roof caused by the influence of mining, improve the overall stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway, and realize the safe and efficient mining of the working face.