Abstract: Geological natural disasters are closely related to the safety of coal mining, methane and spontaneous combustion of coal are the most dangerous ventilation disasters, posing a major threat to the safety of workers and reducing the productivity of the coal industry, and it is necessary to choose a suitable ventilation system according to the geological conditions of the mine. In this paper, taking 13101 comprehensive mining face as an example, for the phenomenon of excessive gas content often occurring in the U-type ventilation system used in the initial stage, and the U-type ventilation system was changed to Y-type ventilation system by combining with the actual situation of the mine, and the characteristics of the mine gas concentration of the two types of ventilation systems were analyzed. The results show that the U-type longwall ventilation system is not conducive to safe and effective operation under high methane release hazards, and the use of the system restricts the carbon oxidation reaction in the air-mining zone, leading to spontaneous heating and combustion; the use of the Y-type longwall ventilation system ensures the safe and effective operation of high methane release hazardous zones, but at the same time exacerbates the possibility of spontaneous coal combustion.