Abstract: In order to solve the problem of surface subsidence in the process of coal mining, reasonably set up buildings to protect coal pillars, obtain scientific data of related surrounding rock and surface subsidence in coal mining, take the 8123 working face of Xinjing Coal Mine as the engineering background, Analysis and study of surface deformation data obtained by field observation, and obtain the surface movement and deformation law of the mining area and the mining subsidence parameters of the mining area through data analysis and comprehensive research, the observation station is located in the mountainous area, the terrain conditions are complex, three observation lines are laid in the working face, and a total of 16 observations are carried out, and good observation results have been obtained. According to the static and dynamic observation results of the three observation lines of strike and tendency, the surface movement and deformation law in the process of advancing with the working face were analyzed, and the surface dynamic and static deformation law of Xinjing MiningNo.8 coal seam were basically mastered.