Study on the Effect of Blasting Vibration in Underground Roadways on Surrounding Rock Stability and Vibration Control Measures

To address vibration and surrounding rock deformation induced by deep underground roadway blasting excavation, a three-dimensional numerical simulation was conducted to systematically compare the effects of different blasting parameters and engineering vibration control measures. The results show that the delay-optimization scheme (Scheme B) reduced the average peak particle velocity (PPV) by 21.6% compared with the original design (Scheme A), with a 20.2% reduction in the near field. The roof settlement, sidewall convergence, and loose zone thickness decreased by 21.8%, 22.0%, and 19.8%, respectively, and the stability coefficient increased to 1.22. With the introduction of decoupled charging and air-decking (Scheme C), the reductions in these indicators were further increased to 28.5%, 27.9%, 28.3%, and 26.1%, respectively, with near-field PPV reduced to 16.2 cm·s⁻¹ and the stability coefficient increased to 1.23. Among the engineering measures, the pre-split blasting ring (E1) achieved the best vibration control, reducing the average PPV by 1.13 cm·s⁻¹; the grouting reinforcement ring (E4) showed the best structural strengthening effect, reducing the loose zone thickness by 0.154 m and increasing the stability coefficient to 1.23; the isolation blasthole ring (E3) exhibited superior vibration attenuation in the middle and far fields. The combined measures of E1+E4+E5 reduced the average PPV by 26.7%, roof settlement by 24.5%, and loose zone thickness by 0.172 m, and increased the stability coefficient to 1.25, achieving simultaneous optimization of vibration suppression, deformation control, and load-bearing capacity enhancement.