Application and Optimization of Microseismic Monitoring Technology in Detecting the Fractured Zone of Overlying Strata

The height of the mining-induced overburden fracture zone is a critical parameter for evaluating mining safety and disaster risks in coal mines. Traditional methods such as drilling and geophysical exploration often suffer from insufficient resolution and poor real-time capability in detecting these fracture zones. High-precision microseismic monitoring technology addresses these limitations by capturing micro-fracturing events within the overburden rock during mining, enabling the dynamic identification and precise characterization of the fracture zone height. This paper, based on a case study from a mining area, establishes a microseismic monitoring network to acquire data during the extraction process. By analyzing the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of microseismic events and the fracture phenomena of key strata, the development patterns of fractures are identified, and the height of the fracture zone is determined. A comparison with traditional methods like drilling verification demonstrates that microseismic monitoring offers significant advantages in terms of accuracy, real-time performance, and early-warning capability. The paper further analyzes the applicability and limitations of the technology in practice and proposes optimization strategies, including refined data processing, improved sensor array deployment, and the application of intelligent recognition techniques.