Research on the Application of 3D Seismic Exploration in Huacaotan Coal Mine Mining Area

which frequently encounter complex geological conditions and highly concealed geological anomalies such as minor faults, small folds, and collapse columns. These challenges necessitate more sophisticated geological detection technologies. Three-dimensional (3D) seismic exploration has emerged as a pivotal technique for identifying concealed geological structures and determining coal seam roof and floor elevations, owing to its well-established data processing framework and high-precision detection capabilities. This study presents a systematic evaluation of optimized 3D seismic exploration techniques for complex shallow geological environments. The methodology incorporates a high-capacity vibroseis (30.3 tons) to enhance excitation energy, along with optimized source-receiver configurations (10-line 10-shot unilateral/central/downdip shooting arrays). Data processing strictly adheres to the principles of high signal-to-noise ratio, high resolution, and high fidelity. The results demonstrate the method's effectiveness in detecting geological anomalies, including the interpretation and determination of coal seam distribution, fault characteristics, and coal-free zones within the exploration area. Additionally, the study confirms the feasibility of obtaining high-quality seismic data in complex topographical conditions. The application of 3D seismic exploration significantly improves the accuracy of identifying concealed geological hazards, thereby providing reliable geological support for intelligent mine construction and safe, efficient coal extraction.