Cause analysis of unsafe behavior of coal miners under the unified dynamic model

As a core component of China's energy system, coal resources play an irreplaceable role in promoting socio-economic development. However, coal mining activities are consistently accompanied by significant safety risks. Research data indicates that a considerable proportion of mining accidents can be attributed to irregular operations by workers, highlighting the practical significance and urgent need to strengthen research on miner behavior safety. By thoroughly analyzing the characteristics of risky behaviors during mining operations and establishing corresponding preventive mechanisms, there is substantial practical value in enhancing the safety standards of coal production.This paper, based on 452 accident reports from 2016 to 2024 and previous studies,constructs a framework of influencing factors for unsafe behaviors of coal miners from four aspects:human,machine, environment,and management.It sets up four scenarios:status quo continuation,policy optimization,technological upgrade,and comprehensive development,and employs system dynamics for simulation.The results indicate that the level of unsafe behaviors is the lowest under the comprehensive development scenario and the highest under the status quo continuation scenario.Due to the lack of synergistic effects between management and technology, the technological upgrade scenario shows a higher level of unsafe behaviors than the policy optimization scenario. To improve the level of unsafe behaviors among coal miners,efforts should be made in five areas:optimizing the safety management system,reducing miners' workload,improving supervision and feedback mechanisms, enhancing equipment safety and human-machine collaboration,and strengthening communication and coordination.